Contributed By Dr Thimappa Hegde
GannaanaamTvaaGanna-PatimHavaamahe
KavimKaviinaam-Upama-Shravastamam |
Jyessttha-Raajam
Brahmannaam Brahmannaspata
Aa Nah Shrnnvan-UutibhihSiidaSaadanam
Om Shri MahaGanadipathayeNamaha
ISHA Upanishad – Class 9
12th MARCH 2021
Summary of Previous Class
Contributed by Ullas
Kaivalya Upanishad
•Atharvana Veda, 25 mantras
•Shanti Patha – Bhadram Karnebhihi
•Fitness of all faculties, protection from gods and obstacle free study. May we perceive everything that is auspicious i.e. Brahman
•Om Atha – 4 fold qualifications
•Student approaches the guru with reverence and seeks
•the highest secret knowledge, removes all sins, merge in Supreme
Summary of Verses
1.Only one means of liberation – Jnana
2.Shraddha (S), Bhakti (M), Dhyana (N) are prerequisites
3.Vairagya: Karma, money, children or fame will not help
•Nakam: Freedom from pain
4.Stages – KY to purify, UY to concentrate the mind. JY to know I and Brahman are same. Firm commitment = liberation
5.Methods of meditation
6.(&7) Turn the attention inward and meditate on eka, aneka, aroopa Ishvara – formless, non-dual, blissful etc.
8.Nirguna brahman takes rajo (brahma), sattva(Vishnu) and tamas(Shiva)
10.See all in me and me in everything. Only way.
11.Self Enquiry burns the bondage – Arani.
12.Waking - Deluded by Maya – we identify with the body and perform actions and enjoy sensual pleasures.
13.Dream – Subjective experience. Sleep – Bliss under ignorance.
15.From paramatma arise prana, mind, 5 elements etc.
16.Mahavakya - You are that Brahman.
17.I illumine the 3 worlds – liberating knowledge
18.I am the subject, different from instrument & object (DDV)
19.Everything is born, based and resolves in me alone.
20.Nidhidhyasanam – Attributes of Brahman to meditate upon.
21.I know everything but nothing can know me.
22.There is no punya, papa, death etc. for me. Nothing belongs to me.
24. (&25) Greatness of Sri Rudram – takes away all sins, liberates from Samsara.
Introduction
Contributed by Dr. Thimappa Hegde
Shukla Yajurveda Ishavasya Upanishad
•A small Upanishad only, with 18 mantras
•Brihadarnyaka Upanishad has over 400
•The 1st word is “Ishavasya” and hence the name
•Most of the mantras are obscure / no regular meaning
Two main topics and CharamaPrarthana
•Comparable to 18 chapters of the Gita
•Jnana Yoga and Karma Yoga
•Verses 3 to 8 , and 9 to 14
•Charama Prarthana 15 to 18
contains-
hiraṇmayena pātreṇa satyasyāpihitaṃ mukham | tat tvaṃ pūṣann apāvṛṇu satyadharmāya dṛṣṭaye ||
Shanthipat
•Om poornamadah poornamidam
•Poornaat poornamudachyate Poornasya poornamaadaaya
•Poornamevaavashishṣyate Om shaantih shaantih shaantih
Shanthipata
Contributed by Dr Ravishankar
Om Purnam-Adah Purnam-Idam
Purnaat-Purnam-Udacyate |
Purnasya Purnam-Aadaaya
Purnam-Eva-Avashisyate ||
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||
Purnam- Infinite or whole
Adah - Paramatma
Purnam - Infinite
Idam - Jivatma
Paramatma and Jivatma are Infinite
Jivatma - Paramatma Aikyam
Purnaat- Purna svarupa Paramatma
Purnam- Purna svarupa Jivatma
Udacyate - Originates
Standpoint of name and form
As Infinite cannot arise from Infinite
Purnasya - Essential Purnam Nature belongs to both Jivatma and Paramatma
Purnam - Purna Svarupam
Adaaya - Grasp and Separate
Grasp water nature of wave and Ocean
Separate Water From Wave and Ocean
1.Jivatma -Paramatma Aikyam
Essentially (Nirupadika - No Relationship =ADVAITA)
2.Non -Essentially(Sopadika - Superficial relationship -
Karya - Karana sambandha
3. Essential Nature of Jivatma and Paramatma ALONE EXISTS = Satyam
Sharira trayam and Prapancha Trayam - ANATMA = Mithya
brahma satyam jagan-mithyä jivo brahmaiva näparah ||
Verse 1
Contributed by Smt Chetana
The 3 Messages
Mantra 1 line 1 - gives the destination for all the seekers à spiritual knowledge or jnanam
2 Lifestyles --
Mantra 1 line 2 - Nivritti marga (sanyasa ashrama)
Mantra 2 - Pravritti marga (grihastha ashrama)
īśāvāsyamidaṃsarvaṃyatkiñcajagatyāṃjagatenatyaktenabhuñjīthāmāgṛdhaḥkasyasviddhanam ||
The entire world – static as well as dynamic – is pervaded by Ishwara – the Supreme Lord.
Hence enjoy the pleasures in a detached manner. Do not be greedy. This wealth does not belong to anyone.
•idaṃ sarvaṃ all this
•yatkiñca jagatyāṃ jagat everything in this world
•Īśā vāsyam is pervaded by Isa, the Lord
•tena once you change your perception
•bhuñjīthā protect yourself from insecurity
•mā gṛdhaḥdon’t covet
•kasya anyone else's
•sviddhanam wealth
Mantra 1 has 2 messages
1. Spiritual Goal - Jnanam/ Spiritual Wisdom
2. Lifestyle - Sanyasa Ashrama / Nivritti Marga
•Choice with respect to lifestyle – Sannyasa or Grihasta
•No choice with respect to Spiritual Wisdom
•For Moksha, Jnanam is compulsory in both lifestyles
Change our focus from the world to God
Why should I change my Perception?
•Ishwara is nityam , stable, reliable
•World is anityam ,unstable, unreliable
•For security and stability change your perception to Ishwara
•This is inner renunciation
Conclusion
•Everything is pervaded by Ishwara
•Ishwara is - the Consciousness in me
•Then everything belongs to me
•I develop Vairagya since I am full with happiness, peace and security
•So give up desires by Inner Renunciation
Verse 2
Contributed by ShivakumarYadalam
Verse 6
Contributed by Dr. Anupama
yastu sarvāni bhūtānyātmanyevānupaśyati |
sarvabhūteṣu cātmāna tato na vijugupsate |
STAGES OF ATMA JNANA
0] Before exposure to vedanta
I am the body with a mind {Atma is unknown}
1]Atma is in everybody {Atma bahutvam}
I have an Atma as does everybody else
2]Everybody is in Atma
I am the substratum {adishtanam} of everything
3]Atma eva idagam sarvam{Brahma sathyam jagath mithyam}
I the Atma am the only reality {Mandukya stage}
STAGE —1
•ATMANAM SARVA BHOOTESHU ANUPASHYATI
•Bhootam=shariram [bodies ]
•Pashyati = to recognise, understand
•= aparokshataya janami
STAGE 1
•Atma makes my body sentient
•Everybody has an Atma
•Both bodies and Atma are plural
•Atma bahutvam
•I am in this world {ajnana avastha}
STAGE -2
•SARVANI BHOOTANI ATMANI ANUPASHYATI
• Through shravana,manana and nidithyasana one sees all bodies in the atma
•I am the sarva adishtanam
•Anupashyati-
•Pashyati- Aporokshataya Janami
•Anu – Backed by Guru Sashatra Upadesha
AM I IN THIS WORLD?
•When I am dreaming I say , ‘I am in this dream world’
•On waking up I say ,`the entire dream world is in me’ .
•Inference:
• Ajnana avasthaya –I am in this world .
• Jnana avasthaya—the world is in me.
As Lord Krishna said:
•SARVA BHOOTASTHA ATMANAM
•SARVA BHOOTANI CHATMANI
•EEKSHATAE YOGA YUKTA ATMA
•SARVATRA SAMA DARSHANAH
A JNANI SEES ATMA IN EVERYBODY & EVERYBODY IN ATMA
REWARD OF REALISATION
•TATHO NA VIJUGUPSATAE
•Meaning:
• Tatah =tasmath jnanath
• =by that knowledge
•Na vijugupsatae=a jnani does not dislike or hate anyone
• = raga dvesha atitha bhavathi
HOW DOES THE JNANI TRANSCEND RAGA-DVESHA?
•A jnani sees himself in everybody
•This makes him compassionate and loving towards all
•Consequently, he attains freedom from binding likes and dislikes
•ADVESHTA SARVA BHOOTANAM
•MAITRAH KARUNA EVA CHA
ATMA EVA IDAGAM SARVAM
•Anatma should be understood as MITHYA
• non substantial
• nama-roopa
•Atma Is the only substance [reality]
• The substratum [adishtanam] of anatma
BRAHMA SATHYAM JAGATH MITHYAM
Anatma being Swallowed by Atma
Mandukya Stage
Verse 15
Contributed by Dr. Netra
Verse 18+
Contributed by Dr Thimappa Hegde
Prayer in Ishavasya Upanishad
Charama Prarthana
pūṣannekarṣe yamasūrya prājāpatya
•vyūha raśmīn samūha |
•tejo yatte rūpaṃ kalyāṇatamaṃ tatte paśyāmi
•yo'sāvasau puruṣaḥ so'hamasmi ||
•
•O, Nourisher, O the lonely one, O ,Regulator, O Sun, the son of Prajapati,
•Withdraw Thy rays, So that I may see that which is
•Thy most auspicious effulgence. The Person that is in Thee, That am I
vāyuranilamamṛtamathedaṃ bhasmāntaṃ śarīram |
oṃ krato smara kṛtaṃ smara krato smara kṛtaṃ smara ||
‘The Prana in me are about to merge in the immortal Prana
This body shall be reduced to ashes.
Om! O mind! Remember; your good deeds.’
agne naya supathā rāye asmān
viśvāni deva vayunāni vidvān |
Yuyodhyasmajjuhurāṇameno
bhūyiṣṭhāṃ te namauktiṃ vidhema ||
O Agni, lead, me by the good path that I may enjoy the wealth
(the fruits of the good deeds we have done).
You know all my deeds. Lord, destroy the deceitful sin in me.
We salute Thee with our words again and again.
GLIMPSE OF NEXT WEEK'S TOPIC- Dr. Thimappa Hegde
Mandukya Upanishad
•The Mandukya Upanishad belongs the Atharvana Veda.
•Manduka which means means a frog.
•It is the smallest Upanishad with only 12 mantras.
•This Upanishad is a Sutrabuta Upanishad, helping the student to revise the teaching gained from the rest of the Vedanta.
•Muktikopanishad saying Mandukya eka eva alam - the study of Mandukya alone is sufficient.
Gaudapada Karikas
•Gaudapadacharya composed karikas connecting the teaching in Mandukya Upanishad to that in the various other Upanishads
•The karikas are in verse form
•There are 215 karikas
•Adi Shankaracharya has commented both on the Upanishad and the karikas.
The Upanishad mantras along with the karikas are classified into four chapters:
•Agama Prakaranam – 12 mantras and 29 karikas
•Vaitatya prakaranam – 38 karikas
•Advaita prakaranam – 48 karikas
•Alatishanti prakaranam – 100 karikas
Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam
Puurnnaat-Purnnam-Udacyate
PuurnnasyaPuurnnam-Aadaaya
Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate ||
Om ShaantihShaantihShaantih ||