Introduction to Upanishads – Class 7.Taittiriya Upanishad video link, Revision Slides

Contributed By Dr Thimappa Hegde

Taittiriya Upanisad by Swami Paramarthananda. Transcribed by Smt Madduri Rajyasri & Sri V. Badrinath Available at arshaavinash.in website

GannaanaamTvaaGanna-PatimHavaamahe

KavimKaviinaam-Upama-Shravastamam |

Jyessttha-Raajam

Brahmannaam Brahmannaspata

Aa Nah Shrnnvan-UutibhihSiidaSaadanam

Om Shri MahaGanadipathayeNamaha

TAITTIRIYA Upanishad – Class 7

26th February 2021

Summary of Previous Class

Contributed by Dr. Anupama

KENO UPANISHAD

(RECAP)

This upanishad belongs to SAMA VEDA

The Shantipata

aum shanti shanti shantih

The shantipata

•Here a student seeks fitness of his body and mind

•He also seeks self knowledge or Brahma jnanam

•He invokes God’s grace for the transformation of his Paroksha jnana into Aparoksha jnana.

•This student being a sadhana chatustaya sampanna, is committed to the accomplishment of Brahma vidya.

This Upanishad starts with a mind-boggling question asked by this student

WHAT IS THAT FACTOR OR DEVA OR ILLUMINATOR WITHIN ME THAT MAKES THIS INERT BODY MIND COMPLEX SENTIENT?

- It is evident that the answer to this question is BRAHMAN.

Neurosciences and Brahma Vidya

Images formed on the retina of the eye are reported to the brain.

To whom does the brain report this information?

The Answer

shrotrasya shrotram manaso mano yad

vAcho ha vAchaM sa u prANasya prANaH |

chakShushchashuratimuchya dheerAH

pretyAsmAllokAdamRutA bhavanti ||

ATMA ANATMA VIVEKA

The Guru explains the subtle difference between the subject ATMA and the object the BOBY MIND COMPLEX

He says it is ‘ the EAR of the ear’

- Implying that it is something other than the ear

- That which expresses the hearing of the ear

•Similarly the mind of the mind, tongue of the tongue etc

DEVA DEVAor JYOTISHAM JYOTI

It is the light of consciousness that illumines the sense organs and mind and makes them sentient

tameva bhāntamanubhāti sarvaṁ

tasya bhāsā sarvamidaṁ vibhāti |

तमेव भान्तमनुभाति सर्वं

तस्य भासा सर्वमिदं विभाति ॥

Only the DHEERAH ,a qualified student who can transcend the body mind complex [ADHIMUCHYATI] and realise ATMA

•He continues to emphasise the subjective nature of Brahman

•SARVA PRAMANA AGOCHARAM

•No specific effort is needed to experience Brahman because it is the very adishtanam or substratum of every experience

•PRATIBODHA VIDITAM MATAM

•Self realisation is shifting our attention from the object of experience to the subject –the ATMA

KSHETRAJNAM CHAPI MAM VIDDHI

SARVA KSHETRESHU BHARATHA

•Lord Krishna says ‘THE KNOWER PRINCIPLE IN YOU IS NONE OTHER THAN ME’

•This is a MAHA VAKYA

•This is the ultimate knowledge or Brahma Vidya

•With this awareness our Upanishadic journey is over

Introduction

Contributed by Dr. Thimappa Hegde

Om Akhanda Manadalakaram

Vyaptam yena Charaacharam

Tadpadam Darshitam Yena

Tasmai Sri Guruve Namaha

TaittirìyaÀranyaka of Krishna Yajur Veda

•Taittirìya Àranyaka is made up of 10 chapters.

•Last four chapters are together called Taittirìya Upanishad.

•Shankaracharya’s commentary on the chapters 7, 8 and 9.

•The 10th chapter is the Mahà Nàràyana Upanishad.

•Shiksha Valli, Brahma Valli and Bhrigu Valli

The TaittiriyaUpāniṣhad .

•Shankaracharya’s bhàshyam is considered one of his most brilliant.

•Vidyaranya Swami , Anubuthi Prakasha.

•Shankaracharya says as “that in which freedom is hidden/kept.” .

•You get total self-satisfaction, fulfilment in life itself.

TAITTIRIYA UPANISHAD

Om Sham No Mitrah Sham Varunnah

yaśchandasāmṛṣabhoviśvarūpaḥ

satyaṃvada | dharmaṃchara

mātṛdevo bhava | pitṛdevo bhava | āchāryadevo bhava | atithidevo bhava

brahmavidāpnōti param. tadēṣā.bhyuktā

satyam jñānam anantam brahma.

Taittiriya Upanishad Shāntipāt

Venkatesh Prasad

ॐ शं नो मित्रः शं वरुणः । शं नो भवत्वर्यमा । शं नो इन्द्रो बृहस्पतिः । शं नो विष्णुरुरुक्रमः ।

नमो ब्रह्मणे । नमस्ते वायो । त्वमेव प्रत्यक्षं ब्रह्मासि । त्वामेव प्रत्यक्षं ब्रह्म वदिष्यामि । ॠतं वदिष्यामि । सत्यं वदिष्यामि ।

तन्मामवतु । तद्वक्तारमवतु । अवतु माम् । अवतु वक्तारम् ॥ ॐ शान्तिःशान्तिःशान्तिः ॥

Purpose of Prayer

•Jnana Yogyata Prapti – Eligibility to receive knowledge

•Pratibandha Nivrutti – removal of Obstacles

Adhishtana Devathas

•Mitra – Exhalation breath

•Varuna – Inhalation breath

•Aryama – Chakshu

•Indra – Arms and hands

•Brihaspathi – Intelligence and Communication

•Vishnu Urukrama – feet

•Vayu – Samashti Prana

•Let all these devathas be a source of auspiciousness to me and my Guru

•Vayu Brahma or Hiranyagarbha is imperceptible as Mind but perceptible as Prana shakti

•perceptible as Prana Shakti.

•Each time I am breathing I am in contact with God.

•I declare that you are Pratyaksha Brahma

•I declare that You are Rtam You are Satyam

•May Hiranyagarbha protect me and my Guru from Obstacles

Om Shantih Shantih Shantihi

Oh Lord Protect me from

•Adhyatmika from within

•Adi Bhoutika from environmental and

•Adi Daivika from Natural calamities

yaśchandasāmṛṣabho viśvarūpaḥ | chandobhyo'dhyamṛtāt saṃbabhūva | sa mendro medhayā spṛṇotu | amṛtasya deva dhāraṇo bhūyāsam || 1.4.1 ||

Contributed by Dr. Ravishankar

ṛtaṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca | satyaṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca | tapaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca | damaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca | śamaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca | agnayaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca | agnihotraṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca | atithayaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca | mānuṣaṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca | prajā ca svādhyāyapravacane ca | prajanaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca | prajātiśca svādhyāyapravacane ca satyamiti satyavacā rāthītaraḥ | tapa iti taponityaḥ pauruśiṣṭiḥ | svādhyāyapravacane eveti nāko maudgalyaḥ | taddhi tapastaddhi tapaḥ || 1.9.1 ||

Contributed by Dr. Diwakar

SWADHYAYA PRASHAMSA

Rtaṃ ca svādhyāya pravacane ca |

satyaṃ ca svādhyāya pravacane ca |

tapaśca svādhyāya pravacane ca |

damaśca svādhyāya pravacane ca |

śamaśca svādhyāya pravacane ca |

agnayaśca svādhyāya pravacane ca | agnihotraṃ ca svādhyāya pravacane ca | atithayaśca svādhyāya pravacane ca | mānuṣaṃ ca svādhyāya pravacane ca |

prajā ca svādhyāya pravacane ca | prajanaśca svādhyāya pravacane ca | prajātiśca svādhyāya pravacane ca

Satyamiti satyavacā rāthītaraḥ |

tapa iti taponityaḥ pauruśiṣṭiḥ | svādhyāyapravacane eveti nāko maudgalyaḥ| taddhi tapastaddhi tapaḥ

vedamanūcyācāryo'ntevāminamanuśāsti satyaṃ vada | dharmaṃ cara

svādhyāyānmā pramadaḥ | ācāryāya priyaṃ dhanamāhṛtya prajātantuṃ mā vyavacchetsīḥ | satyānna pramaditavyam | dharmānna pramaditavyam | kuśalānna pramaditavyam | bhūtyai na pramaditavyam | svādhyāyapravacanābhyāṃ na pramaditavyam 1.11.1 ||

Contributed by Dr. Ahalya

TaittiriyaShikshavalli

वेदमनूच्याचार्योन्तेवासिनम॑नुशा॒स्ति ।

सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः ।

आचार्याय प्रियं धनमाहृत्य प्रजातन्तुं मा व्यवच्छेत्सीः

सत्यान्न प्रमदितव्यम् । धर्मान्न प्रमदितव्यम्

कुशलान्न प्रमदितव्यम् । भूत्यै न प्रमदितव्यम्

स्वाध्यायप्रवचनाभ्यां न प्रमदितव्यम् ॥ १॥

TaittiriyaShikshavalli..

vedam anuchya acharyontevasinam anushasti

Having taught the vedas ,the Preceptor enjoins the following on his pupils

satyam vada

Speak the truth

dharmam chara

do your duty

svadhyayan ma pramadah.

Never swerve from the study of the vedas

acharyaya priyam dhanam ahritya

to the preceptor , love offered as a guru dakshina

prajatantum ma vyavacchetsih,

there after the line of descendents in your family should not be cut off.

satyan na pramaditavyam,

never deviate from the truth

dharman na pramaditavyam,

never deviate from your duty

kusalan na pramaditavyam,

never overlook your own welfare

bhutyai na pramaditavyam,

never neglect your prosperity

svadhyaya pravachanabhyam na pramaditavyam.

The study and propagation of vedas should never be neglected

Deva pitru kaaryabhyam na pramaditavyam Your duty towards the gods and departed should never be neglected

|devapitṛkāryābhyāṃ na pramaditavyam

mātṛdevo bhava | pitṛdevo bhava | ācāryadevo bhava | atithidevo bhava

yānyanavadyāni karmāṇi | tāni sevitavyāni | no itarāṇi

yānyasmākaṃ sucaritāni | tāni tvayopāsyāni | no itarāṇi 1.11.2

Contributed by Rama Gopalakrishna

brahmavidāpnōti param. tadēṣā.bhyuktā

satyaṅ jñānamantaṅ brahma. yō vēda nihitaṅ guhāyāṅ paramē vyōman. sō.śnutē sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitēti

tasmādvā ētasmādātmana ākāśaḥ saṅbhūtaḥ. ākāśādvāyuḥ. vāyōragniḥ. agnērāpaḥ. adbhyaḥ pṛthivī. pṛthivyā ōṣadhayaḥ. ōṣadhībhyō.nnam. annātpuruṣaḥ

sa vā ēṣa puruṣō.nnarasamayaḥ. tasyēdamēva śiraḥ. ayaṅ dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ. ayamuttaraḥ pakṣaḥ. ayamātmā. idaṅ pucchaṅ pratiṣṭhā. tadapyēṣa ślōkō bhavati৷৷

Contributed by Dr. Anupama

Taittiriya,Brahmananda Valli:

Anuvaka 1

Om brahmavitapnoti param

THE KNOWER OF BRAHMAN ATTAINS THE SUPREME

•SUTRA VAKYAM=a single phrase that reveals the entire teaching

•BRAHMA —means BIG

•The root of the word is BRUHAT =The superlative, big

•VID - to know[not as pratyaksha or paroksha ,but as aparoksha

•APNOTI — to attain[realise]

•PARAM —poornatvam, fulfilment liberation

VRITTI VAKYAM - brief commentary

• SATHYAM , JNANAM , ANANTAM, BRAHMAN;

• YO VEDA NIHITAM GUHAAYAAM

• PARAME VYOMAN ;

• SOSHNUTE SARVAN KAAMAN,

• SAHA BRAHMANAA VIPASHCHITAA’’

• ITI

THE 3 QUESTIONS

1] KIM TAT BRAHMAN ?

What is Brahman ?

2] KATHAM TASYA VEDANAM ?

How can one know Brahman?

3] KA PARA PRAPTI ?

What is the meaning of moksha /poornatvam?

Quotation from RIG VEDA answers these

1 Kim tat Brahman?

Ans: Satyam jnanam anantam Brahma.

•Brahman means infinite [BIG]

•Anantam means an—antha =without an end =limitless

•Limitation or PARICHEDA has 3 dimensions

a}Spatial=desha

b}temporal=kala

c}attribute or object wise limitation =vastu parichedana

ANANTAM means ADVAITAM

•Brahman is therefore desha, kala vastu parichedarahitam

•Or ADVAITAM

SATHYAM

•Means an existent object.

•Every existent object has 3 components-nama ,roopa and satta .

•Name, form and existence

•We have already said that Brahman is ANANTHA

•By eliminating the limiting factors –Nama and roopa and retaining the satta, the ananta component we can infer that Sathyam means

•PURE, INDEPENDENT, EXISTENCE as described in the verse

•YASYA EVA SPURANAM SADATMAKAM

•ASAT KALPARTHAKAM BHASATE

Jnanam

•Jnanam means knowledge of an object stored as a thought

•This knowledge also has desha, kala and vastu parichedana

•Here again drop the limiting Nama and roopa while retaining the awareness or chit which is anantam

•[vritti bhava abhava sakshi]

•Therefore Brahman is SATHYAM JNANAM ANANTAM

•The limitless , existence, consciousness principle

Q 2. How to know Brahman ?

•Ans: YO VEDA NIHITAM GUHAAYAM, PARAME VYOMAN

• This is similar to HIRANMAYE PARE KOSHE

•This is not the physical location of Brahman

•This seems to imply that Brahman is located in the vijnanamaya kosha[guha ] in the sacred inner space of one’s heart’[the paramevyoman]

•It just means that Brahman is recognisable [upalabhyate] not located here

Now, how do we know that Brahman?

•Just as a temple is a place for the recognition not location of the Lord

•Negate all objects that can be experienced

•Negate everything with attributes

•Drop ahankara and mamakara

•What remains is the pure awareness, the sakshi I

Q 3. What do you mean by attaining the supreme?

•Soshnutesarvankamansahabrahmanaavipashchitaaiti

•SAHA –means a brahma jnani

•ASHNUTE –means attains

•What does he attain ?

•BRAHMANANDA ROOPENA SARVAN VISHAYANANDA PRAPNOTI.

•Through Brahma jnana all the finite vishayanandas simultaneously resolve into this infinite brahmananda

As Lord Krishna says:

•Prajahati yada kaman

•Sarvan Partha manogathan

•Athmaneva athmana tushta

•Stitha prajna saha uchyate

•This Trupti includes —Saha truptahbhavati

• —Saha sampoornabhavati

• —Saha santushtabhavati

•This poornatvam is called PARA PRAPTI

GLIMPSE OF NEXT WEEK'S TOPIC

Contributed by Dr. Thimappa Hegde

Kaivalya Upanishad

•A 'minor' Upanishad, though not in content.

•It deals with meditation (mantras 5 to 10)

•Only 25 mantras and belongs to the Atharva Veda

•Kaivalya means Moksha , Purnatvam, total fulfillment.

•Kevala means without a second (advitiyam).

•Ashvalayana Rishi a prepared student and the teacher Brahmaji

•Shraddha, Bhakti and Dhyana

•6th chapter of Gita

•Readying Mind, Body (nirudhya bhaktya svagurum pranamya).

•Lord with a single form , with manifold forms ,and formless

•The seeker realizes that he is the very Lord in essence.

•This Upanishad contains several Mahavakyas.

Lingashtakam

•Brahma-Muraari-Sura-Arcita-Linggam

•Nirmala-Bhaasita-Shobhita-Linggam | Janmaja-Duhkha-Vinaashaka-Linggam

• Tat Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||1||

Brahma-Muraari-Sura-Arcita-Linggam

Nirmala-Bhaasita-Shobhita-Linggam | Janmaja-Duhkha-Vinaashaka-Linggam

I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam

Which is Adored by Brahma, Vishnu and the Gods,

which is Pure, Shining, and well-Adorned, which Destroys the Sorrows associated with human life

Deva-Muni-Pravara-Aarcita-Linggam

• Kaama-Dahan Karunnaa-Kara-Linggam | Raavanna-Darpa-Vinaashana-Linggam Tat

•Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||2||

I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam

•Worshipped by the Gods , Sages,

•Which Burns the Desires, is Compassionate, Destroyed the Pride of Ravana.

•Sarva-Sugandhi-Sulepita-Linggam

•Buddhi-Vivardhana-Kaaranna-Linggam | Siddha-Sura-Asura-Vandita-Linggam

Tat PrannamaamiSadaashiva-Linggam ||3||

I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam

Which is beautifully Smeared with Various Fragrant pastes,

which is the Cause behind the Elevation of a person's Intelligence and Discernment, And which is Praised by the Siddhas, Devas and the Asuras.

•Kanaka-Mahaamanni-Bhuussita-Linggam

•Phanni-Pati-Vessttita-Shobhita-Linggam |

•Dakssa-Su-Yajnya-Vinaashana-Linggam Tat Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||4||

•(I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam)

•Which is Decorated with Gold and other Precious Gems, which is Adorned with the Best of the Serpents Wrapped around it,

•And which Destroyed the Grand Sacrifice of Daksha.

•Kungkuma-Candana-Lepita-Linggam

• Pangkaja-Haara-Su-Shobhita-Linggam |

•San.cita-Paapa-Vinaashana-Linggam

•Tat Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||5||

•I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam Which is Anointed with Kumkuma and Chandana (Sandal Paste), which is Beautifully Decorated with Garlands of Lotuses,

•And which Destroys the Sanchita Karma

•Deva-Ganna-Aarcita-Sevita-Linggam

•Bhaavair-Bhaktibhir-Eva Ca Linggam |

•Dinakara-Kotti-Prabhaakara-Linggam

•Tat Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||6||

•I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam

• Which is Worshipped and Served by the Group of Devas (Gods) with True Bhava (Emotion, Contemplation) and Bhakti (Devotion),

•And which has the Splendor of Million Suns.

•Asstta-Dalo-Parivessttita-Linggam

•Sarva-Samudbhava-Kaaranna-Linggam |

•Asstta-Daridra-Vinaashita-Linggam

• Tat Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||7||

•I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam, Which is Surrounded by Eight-Petalled Flowers, which is the Cause behind All Creation,

•And which Destroys the Eight Poverties.

•The eight luxuries in life like health, wealth, peace, prosperity, grand children, success, long life and fame are known as ashtaaishwaryas.

•Suraguru-Suravara-Puujita-Linggam

•Suravana-Pusspa-Sada-Aarcita-Linggam |

•Paraatparam Paramaatmaka-Linggam

•Tat Prannamaami Sadaashiva-Linggam ||8||

•I Salute that Eternal Shiva Lingam

• Which is Worshipped by the Teacher of Gods (Lord Brihaspati) and the Best of the Gods, which is Always Worshipped by the Flowers from the Celestial Garden,

•Which is Superior than the Best and which is the Greatest

Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam

Puurnnaat-Purnnam-Udacyate

PuurnnasyaPuurnnam-Aadaaya

Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate ||

Om ShaantihShaantihShaantih ||